During the past 25 years, botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has become the most widely used
medical intervention in children with cerebral palsy. In this review we consider the gaps in …

Spasticity is considered an important neural contributor to muscle hypertonia in children with
cerebral palsy (CP). It is most often treated with antispasticity medication, such as Botulinum …

Background and purpose To support clinical decision‐making in central neurological
disorders, a physical examination is used to assess responses to passive muscle stretch …

Abstract Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to familiarize the reader with
assessments and measurement of spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common movement disorder in children. A diagnosis of CP
is often made based on abnormal muscle tone or posture, a delay in reaching motor …

Objective To investigate the usefulness of inertial measurement units (IMUs) in the
assessment of motor function of the upper limb (UL) in accordance with the international …

Background: Studies aiming to objectively quantify movement disorders during upper limb
tasks using wearable sensors have recently increased, but there is a wide variety in …

Purpose: To identify and appraise the literature on clinical measures of spasticity that has
been investigated in people after stroke. Methods: The literature search involved four …

There is a lack of consensus about the measurement of the muscle viscoelastic features in
stroke patients. Additionally, the psychometric properties of the most-commonly used clinical …

Spasticity, a common symptom in patients with upper motor neuron lesions, reduces the
ability of a person to freely move their limbs by generating unwanted reflexes. Spasticity can …