Chronic complications of diabetes are due to myriad disorders of numerous metabolic
pathways that are responsible for most of the morbidity and mortality associated with the …

Across the animal kingdom, visual systems have evolved to be uniquely suited to the
environments and behavioral patterns of different species. Visual acuity and color …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with subtle onset, early diagnosis
remains challenging. Accumulating evidence suggests that the emergence of retinal …

OBJECTIVE Elevated glycolytic enzymes in renal glomeruli correlated with preservation of
renal function in the Medalist Study, individuals with≥ 50 years of type 1 diabetes …

Iron is essential for cell survival and function. It is a transition metal, that could change its
oxidation state from Fe2+ to Fe3+ involving an electron transfer, the key of vital functions but …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. There is no
test for its definitive diagnosis in routine clinical practice. Although phase III clinical trials …

As a part of the central nervous system, the retina may reflect both physiological processes
and abnormalities related to pathologies that affect the brain. Amyloidosis due to the …

The amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane protein that is widely expressed
within the central nervous system (CNS). While the pathogenic dysfunction of this protein …

Contactins (CNTNs) are neural cell adhesion molecules that encode axon-target specificity
during the patterning of the vertebrate visual and olfactory systems. Because CNTNs are …

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane glycoprotein frequently studied for its
role in Alzheimer's disease. Our recent study in APP knockout (KO) mice identified an …