Free radicals are chemical particles containing one or more unpaired electrons, which may
be part of the molecule. They cause the molecule to become highly reactive. The free …

▪ Abstract Metallothioneins (MT) are low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich, metal-binding
proteins. MT genes are readily induced by various physiologic and toxicologic stimuli …

▪ Abstract Reactive oxygen intermediates are produced in all aerobic organisms during
respiration and exist in the cell in a balance with biochemical antioxidants. Excess reactive …

Publisher Summary The thiol redox status of intracellular and extracellular compartments is
critical in the determination of protein structure, regulation of enzyme activity, and control of …

NADPH is an important cofactor in many biosynthesis pathways and the regeneration of
reduced glutathione, critically important in cellular defense against oxidative damage. It is …

MTs are small cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins found in many species and, although
there are differences between them, it is of note that they have a great deal of sequence and …

Virtually any neurological disorder leads to activation of resident microglia and invasion of
blood-borne macrophages, which are accompanied by an increase in number and change …

Copper, zinc and iron are essential metals for different physiological functions, even though
their excess can lead to biological damage. This review provides a background of toxicity …

The antioxidant function of metallothionein (MT) was first suggested in the early 1980s.
Studies in vitro have revealed that MT reacts directly with reactive oxygen species, including …

By employing electron spin resonance spectroscopy, we examined the free radicals
scavenging effects of hepatic metallothionein (MT) isoforms I and II (MTs-I and II) on four …