Archaea are widespread in marine sediments, but their occurrence and relationship with
natural salinity gradients in estuarine sediments is not well understood. This study …

Although the seasonal ice cover of the Baltic Sea has many similarities to its oceanic
counterpart in Polar Seas and Oceans, there are many unique characteristics that mainly …

Among its many impacts, climate warming is leading to increasing winter air temperatures,
decreasing ice cover extent, and changing winter precipitation patterns over the Laurentian …

The extensive pack and fast ice that forms in both Antarctic and Arctic regions provides a
unique habitat for polar microbial assemblages (reviewed by Mock & Thomas, 2005). Algal …

The Arctic sea-ice decline is among the most emblematic manifestations of climate change
and is occurring before we understand its ecological consequences. We investigated future …

Sea ice in the Arctic (16 million km2) and Antarctic (19 million km2) comprises one of the
largest ecosystems on Earth. Algal communities flourish within micro‐habitats that are …

The study of the chemistry of the oceans has been at the forefront of oceanographic
endeavours ever since the first expeditions took their first water samples. During the past 50 …

Over the past two decades, with recognition that the ocean's sea-ice cover is neither
insensitive to climate change nor a barrier to light and matter, research in sea-ice …

Sea ice continues to decline across many regions of the Arctic, with remaining ice becoming
increasingly younger and more dynamic. These changes alter the habitats of microbial life …

Methods Means to sample sea ice for the study of bacteria and viruses borrow from methods
developed first for the larger inhabitants of the ice, from algae and protozoa to macrofauna …