Increasing antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-
GNB) presents significant health problems worldwide, since the vital available and effective …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that is a leading cause of morbidity
and mortality in cystic fibrosis patients and immunocompromised individuals. Eradication of …

Colistin regained global interest as a consequence of the rising prevalence of multidrug-
resistant Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae. In parallel, colistin-resistant bacteria emerged …

Polymyxins are well-established antibiotics that have recently regained significant interest
as a consequence of the increasing incidence of infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram …

Antibiotic resistance has become a global public health priority. Polymyxins, a family of
cationic polypeptide antibiotics, act as a final line of refuge against severe infections by …

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are difficult or impossible to treat are becoming increasingly
common and are causing a global health crisis. Antibiotic resistance is encoded by several …

The Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer
membrane that plays a key role in host–pathogen interactions with the innate immune …

Polymyxins are polycationic antimicrobial peptides that are currently the last-resort
antibiotics for the treatment of multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative bacterial infections. The …

The bacterial membrane provides a target for antimicrobial peptides. There are two groups
of bacteria that have characteristically different surface membranes. One is the Gram …

Following their initial discovery in the 1940s, polymyxin antibiotics fell into disfavor due to
their potential clinical toxicity, especially nephrotoxicity. However, the dry antibiotic …