The evolution of phenotypic similarities between species, known as convergence, illustrates
that populations can respond predictably to ecological challenges. Convergence often …

For decades, evolutionary biologists have argued that changes in cis-regulatory sequences
constitute an important part of the genetic basis for adaptation. Although originally based on …

Next-generation sequencing technology provides novel opportunities for gathering genome-
scale sequence data in natural populations, laying the empirical foundation for the evolving …

Biologists have long sought to understand which genes and what kinds of changes in their
sequences are responsible for the evolution of morphological diversity. Here, I outline eight …

The molecular mechanisms underlying major phenotypic changes that have evolved
repeatedly in nature are generally unknown. Pelvic loss in different natural populations of …

Hominid fossils predating the emergence of Australopithecus have been sparse and
fragmentary. The evolution of our lineage after the last common ancestor we shared with …

Adaptive radiation refers to diversification from an ancestral species that produces
descendants adapted to use a great variety of distinct ecological niches. In this review, I …

The repeated adaptation of oceanic threespine sticklebacks to fresh water has made it a
premier organism to study parallel evolution. These small fish have multiple distinct …

Biologists often distinguish 'convergent'from 'parallel'evolution. This distinction usually
assumes that when a given phenotype evolves, the underlying genetic mechanisms are …

Evolutionary change in animal morphology results from alteration of the functional
organization of the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that control development of the body …