Organ injury and impairment are commonly observed in patients with acute heart failure
(AHF), and congestion is an essential pathophysiological mechanism of impaired organ …

BACKGROUND Until recently, biomarker testing in heart failure (HF) syndromes has been
viewed as an elective supplement to diagnostic evaluation of patients suspected to suffer …

Background—Worsening renal function (WRF), traditionally defined as an increase in serum
creatinine levels≥ 0.3 mg/dL, is a frequent finding in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) …

Heart failure remains a continuing threat to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Although various heart failure biomarkers have been applied for early detection, diagnosis …

Renal dysfunction is common in patients with heart failure and is associated with high
morbidity and mortality. Cardiac and renal dysfunction may worsen each other through …

Aldo Clerico graduated in Medicine at the University of Pisa in 1973. He specialized in
endocrinology in 1975, in nuclear medicine in 1978, and in sport medicine in 1987 at the …

Although substantial improvements have been made in majority of cardiac disorders, heart
failure (HF) remains a major health problem, with both increasing incidence and prevalence …

Aims Both reduced glomerular filtration and increased urinary albumin excretion
independently determine outcome in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). However …

Heart failure guidelines suggest evaluating renal function as a routine work-up in every
patient with heart failure. Specifically, it is advised to calculate glomerular filtration rate and …

Abstract Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), a type l transmembrane glycoprotein, is
recognized as a potential biomarker for detection of tubular injury in the main renal …