Over the last decades, losses of bee populations have been observed worldwide. A panoply
of biotic and abiotic factors, as well as the interplay among them, has been suggested to be …

Host specificity is observed in gut symbionts of diverse animal lineages. But how hosts
maintain symbionts while rejecting their close relatives remains elusive. We use eusocial …

Introduction Apis mellifera evolved mainly in African, Asian, and European continents over
thousands of years, leading to the selection of a considerable number of honey bees …

Simple Summary Bees are important pollinators that play a role in balancing ecosystems;
however, their survival rates have decreased due to many factors, including pathogens and …

The gut microbiota of honey bees has received increasing interest in the past decades due
to its crucial role in their health, and can be disrupted by pathogen infection. Nosema …

Cryogenic soils are the most important terrestrial carbon reservoir on the planet. However,
the relationship between soil microbial diversity and CO2 emission by cryogenic soils is …

Honeybees and bumblebees play a crucial role as essential pollinators. The special gut
microbiome of social bees is a key factor in determining the overall fitness and health of the …