Ethanol is one of the most commonly abused drugs. Although environmental and genetic
factors contribute to the etiology of alcohol use disorders, it is ethanol's actions in the brain …

For several decades, addiction has come to be viewed as a disorder of the dopamine
neurotransmitter system; however, this view has not led to new treatments. In this Opinion …

Background Two objectives of the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative are to
identify (a) mechanisms that are common to multiple psychiatric disorders, and (b) …

Music, an abstract stimulus, can arouse feelings of euphoria and craving, similar to tangible
rewards that involve the striatal dopaminergic system. Using the neurochemical specificity of …

Compulsive drug seeking that is associated with addiction is hypothesized to follow a
heuristic framework that involves three stages (binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect …

Although cells in many brain regions respond to reward, the cortical-basal ganglia circuit is
at the heart of the reward system. The key structures in this network are the anterior …

Background Glucagon-like peptide1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have been found to reduce
alcohol drinking in rodents and overweight patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) …

Dopamine (DA) is considered crucial for the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, but its role
in addiction is much less clear. This review focuses on studies that used PET to characterize …

Both drug addiction and obesity can be defined as disorders in which the saliency value of
one type of reward (drugs and food, respectively) becomes abnormally enhanced relative to …

Based on brain imaging findings, we present a model according to which addiction emerges
as an imbalance in the information processing and integration among various brain circuits …