The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) generated by proton pumps (Complexes I, III
and IV) is an essential component in the process of energy storage during oxidative …

Significance: The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/reduced NAD+ (NADH) and
NADP+/reduced NADP+ (NADPH) redox couples are essential for maintaining cellular …

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is incompletely coupled, since protons translocated
to the intermembrane space by specific respiratory complexes of the electron transport chain …

Reperfusion injury, the paradoxical tissue response that is manifested by blood flow-
deprived and oxygen-starved organs following the restoration of blood flow and tissue …

Significance: Reducing equivalents (NAD (P) H and glutathione [GSH]) are essential for
maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and for modulating cellular metabolism. Reductive …

Byproducts of normal mitochondrial metabolism and homeostasis include the buildup of
potentially damaging levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+, etc., which must be …

Mitochondrial fission mediated by the GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is an
attractive drug target in numerous maladies that range from heart disease to …

Mitochondria are dynamic cellular organelles that consistently migrate, fuse, and divide to
modulate their number, size, and shape. In addition, they produce ATP, reactive oxygen …

Cadmium (Cd), a category I human carcinogen, is a well-known widespread environmental
pollutant. Chronic Cd exposure affects different organs and tissues, such as the central …

Cryopreservation has facilitated advancement of biological research by allowing the storage
of cells over prolonged periods of time. While cryopreservation at extremely low …