Rewards are crucial objects that induce learning, approach behavior, choices, and
emotions. Whereas emotions are difficult to investigate in animals, the learning function is …

A large body of evidence indicates that individual differences in baseline concentrations of
testosterone (T) are only weakly correlated with human aggression. Importantly, T …

Neuromarketing is an emerging field in which academic and industry research scientists
employ neuroscience techniques to study marketing practices and consumer behavior. The …

Despite the widespread interest in understanding and identifying risk takers by
psychologists, clinicians, and economists, the risk literature currently lacks consensus …

Background Risk‐taking, which involves voluntary choices for behaviors where outcomes
remain uncertain, undergoes considerable developmental changes during childhood …

Recent theories propose that testosterone should be positively related to risk-taking, but
empirical support is mixed. Building on the dual-hormone hypothesis, the present research …

Testosterone and other anabolic–androgenic steroids enhance athletic performance in men
and women. As a result, exogenous androgen is banned from most competitive sports …

Since precise forecasting of the future is not possible, most of life's decisions are made with
uncertain outcomes. One important facet of uncertainty that is of particular interest to …

We present a method that dynamically designs elicitation questions for estimating risk and
time preference parameters. Typically these parameters are elicited by presenting decision …

While baseline testosterone has recently been implicated in risk-taking in men, less is
known about the effects of changing levels of testosterone on financial risk. Here we attempt …