Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder that leads to disability and affects
more than 500 million population worldwide. OA was believed to be caused by the wearing …

Cartilage homeostasis is governed by articular chondrocytes via their ability to modulate
extracellular matrix production and degradation. In turn, chondrocyte activity is regulated by …

Physical activity has been known as an essential element to promote human health for
centuries. Thus, exercise intervention is encouraged to battle against sedentary lifestyle …

Osteoarthritis (OA) has a very high incidence worldwide and has become a very common
joint disease in the elderly. Currently, the treatment methods for OA include surgery, drug …

Aims The major pathological mechanisms of osteoarthritis (OA) progression include
inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis, etc. Moderate mechanical strain and exercise …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory and progressive joint disease that results in
cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodeling. The proinflammatory cytokine …

Abstract Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are extracellular multifunctional signalling
cytokines and members of the TGFβ super family. These pleiotropic growth factors crucially …

Background: Mechanical loading and alendronate (ALN) can be used as noninvasive
physical therapy methods for osteoarthritis (OA). However, the timing and efficacy for …

The myokine Irisin, produced during physical exercise, has an anabolic effect on bone, both
in vitro and in vivo. Very recently, using a controlled in vitro 3D cell model to mimic the bone …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole joint disease characterized by an important remodeling of the
osteochondral junction. It includes cartilage mineralization due to chondrocyte hypertrophic …