Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) is an universal second messenger that regulates the most
important activities of all eukaryotic cells. It is of critical importance to neurons as it …

▪ Abstract Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels mediate Ca2+ entry into cells in response to
membrane depolarization. Electrophysiological studies reveal different Ca2+ currents …

Background Long-QT syndromes are heritable diseases associated with prolongation of the
QT interval on an electrocardiogram and a high risk of sudden cardiac death due to …

T-type Ca2+ channels were originally called low-voltage-activated (LVA) channels because
they can be activated by small depolarizations of the plasma membrane. In many neurons …

The L-type Cav1. 2 calcium channel is present throughout the animal kingdom and is
essential for some aspects of CNS function, cardiac and smooth muscle contractility …

Voltage-gated calcium (Ca 2+) channels initiate release of neurotransmitters at synapses,
and regulation of presynaptic Ca 2+ channels has a powerful influence on synaptic strength …

Fear is an adaptive component of the acute “stress” response to potentially-dangerous
(external and internal) stimuli which threaten to perturb homeostasis. However, when …

Ca2+ antagonist drugs are widely used in therapy of cardiovascular disorders,. Three
chemical classes of drugs bind to three separate, but allosterically interacting, receptor sites …

Complex multicellular organisms require rapid and accurate transmission of information
among cells and tissues and tight coordination of distant functions. Electrical signals and …

Functional expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)
receptors in cerebellar granule cells requires stargazin, a member of a large family of four …