Virtually every eukaryotic cell has an endogenous circadian clock and a biological sex.
These cell-based clocks have been conceptualized as oscillators whose phase can be reset …

The impact of two mouse models is reviewed, the Four Core Genotypes and XY* models.
The models are useful for determining if the causes of sex differences in phenotypes are …

Background: Light–dark alternation has always been the strongest external circadian
“zeitgeber” for humans. Due to its growing technological preference, our society is quickly …

The sleep–wake cycle and circadian rhythmicity both contribute to brain function, but
whether this contribution differs between men and women and how it varies across cognitive …

Circadian rhythms influence most of our life activities, notably getting up and going to sleep
every day. The new edition of this book delves into the mechanisms surrounding how these …

Longitudinal studies associate shiftwork with cardiometabolic disorders but do not establish
causation or elucidate mechanisms of disease. We developed a mouse model based on …

Sex as a biological variable is the focus of much literature and has been emphasized by the
National Institutes of Health, in part, to remedy a long history of male-dominated studies in …

Nutrient metabolism is under circadian regulation. Disruption of circadian rhythms by
lifestyle and behavioral choices such as work schedules, eating patterns, and social jetlag …

Glucocorticoid hormones are a powerful mammalian systemic hormonal signal that exerts
regulatory effects on almost every cell and system of the body. Glucocorticoids act in a …

Sex differences in stress hormone functions are presumed to depend on sex hormones. And
yet, surprisingly few psychoneuroendocrine studies actually assess within-sex variations of …