Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be referred to by other terms (eg, early life
adversity or stress and childhood trauma) and have a lifelong impact on mental and physical …

Validated biological and psychological markers of acute stress in humans are an important
tool in translational research. The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), involving public interview …

Background Preclinical studies have identified certain probiotics as psychobiotics–live
microorganisms with a potential mental health benefit. Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) has …

Background Accumulating evidence suggests that commensal bacteria consumption has the
potential to have a positive impact on stress‐related psychiatric disorders. However, the …

Increasing evidence suggests that a brain–gut–microbiome axis exists, which has the
potential to play a major role in modulating behaviour. However, the role of this axis in …

The brain monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems are known to be involved in the
integrated response to stress in vertebrates. However, present knowledge about the timing …

Stress and an altered stress response have been associated with many multifactorial
diseases, such as psychiatric disorders or neurodegenerative diseases. As currently mouse …

Early-life stress can induce marked behavioral and physiological impairments in adulthood
including cognitive deficits, depression, anxiety, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Although …

Stress and genetic predisposition are two of the major risk factors for a variety of psychiatric
illnesses. Inbred mouse strains are considered useful tools in dissecting the genetic basis of …

Background Understanding the mechanisms underpinning the response to acute stress is
critical for determining how this can be modulated in both health and disease and across …