Sleep and arousal from sleep are associated with profound changes in cardiovascular and
respiratory functions. Fluctuations of arterial blood pressure (ABP), heart rate (HR), and …

The brainstem contains several critical areas involved in control of behavioral arousal, wake-
sleep cycle, cardiovascular function, and respiration. Sleep and arousal are associated with …

The limbic system plays a pivotal role in stress-induced anxiety and intestinal disorders, but
how the functional circuits between nuclei within the limbic system are engaged in the …

Although bile acids play a notable role in depression, the pathological significance of the
bile acid TGR5 membrane-type receptor in this disorder remains elusive. Using depression …

Sleep and wakefulness are complex, tightly regulated behaviors that occur in virtually all
animals. With recent exciting developments in neuroscience methodologies such as …

The CCK (1) receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by the sulfated forms of
cholecystokinin (CCK), a gastrin-like peptide released in the gastrointestinal tract and …

Given the widespread prevalence of sleep disorders and their impacts on health, it is critical
that researchers continue to identify and evaluate novel avenues of treatment. Recently the …

Melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) is a ubiquitous vertebrate neuropeptide
predominantly synthesized by neurons of the diencephalon that can act through two G …

Sleep is frequently altered in systemic infections as a component of sickness behavior in
response to inflammation. Sleepiness in sickness behavior has been extensively …

Purpose REM (rapid eye movement) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by
increased muscle tone and violent limb movements and is a usual symptom of the early …