The prognosis of malignant gliomas remains poor, with median survival fewer than 20
months and a 5-year survival rate merely 5%. Their primary location in the central nervous …

Recent cancer immunotherapy breakthroughs have fundamentally changed oncology and
revived the fading hope for a cancer cure. The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) became …

In recent years, it became apparent that cancers either associated with viral infections or
aberrantly expressing endogenous retroviral elements (EREs) are more immunogenic …

Introduction To overcome the challenge of treating malignant brain tumors, oncolytic viruses
(OVs) represent an innovative therapeutic approach, featuring unique mechanisms of action …

Cell death by apoptosis is a major cellular response in the control of tissue homeostasis and
as a defense mechanism in the case of cellular aggression such as an infection. Cell self …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive brain tumors and has a high recurrence
rate, and effective treatment is urgently needed. GBM stem cells (GSCs) contribute to GBM …

Neural stem cells (NSCs) were described for the first time more than two decades ago for
their ability to differentiate into all neural cell lineages. The isolation of NSCs from adults and …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive among the neurological tumors. At present, no
chemotherapy or radiotherapy regimen is associated with a positive long-term outcome. In …

Self-replicating RNA viruses have become attractive delivery vehicles for therapeutic
applications. They are easy to handle, can be rapidly produced in large quantities, and can …

With advances in cancer biology and an ever‐deepening understanding of molecular
virology, oncolytic virus (OV)‐driven therapies have developed rapidly and become a …