Interactions between organisms and their environments are central to how biological
diversity arises and how natural populations and ecosystems respond to environmental …

Pholcidae are ubiquitous spiders in tropical and subtropical caves around the globe, yet
very little is known about cave-dwelling pholcids beyond what is provided in taxonomic …

We provide the first overview on spiders living in subterranean habitats in Europe, including
the first European subterranean spider checklist. In Europe, there are 486 spider species …

The name “millipede” translates to a thousand feet (from mille “thousand” and pes “foot”).
However, no millipede has ever been described with more than 750 legs. We discovered a …

This chapter deals with the diversity of terrestrial cave invertebrates from the viewpoint of its
contribution to global diversity and of the variety of morphological traits and life forms …

Over the last 5 million years, numerous species of Australian stygobiotic (subterranean and
aquatic) beetles have evolved underground following independent colonization of aquifers …

Cave‐dwelling ectotherms, which have evolved for millions of years under stable thermal
conditions, could be expected to have adjusted their physiological limits to the narrow range …

While extensive research on traditional model species has significantly advanced the
biological sciences, the ongoing search for new model organisms is essential to tackle …

Size trade-offs of visual versus olfactory organs is a pervasive feature of animal evolution.
This could result from genetic or functional constraints. We demonstrate that head sensory …

We synthesized the current knowledge of cave-dwelling millipede diversity from Guangxi
Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi), South China Karst, China and described six new …