Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated
guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical …

The IκB kinase (IKK) complex is the signal integration hub for NF‐κB activation. Composed
of two serine‐threonine kinases (IKK α and IKK β) and the regulatory subunit NEMO (also …

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) consists of a family of transcription factors that play critical roles in
inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Inducible NF-κB …

The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines comprises 11 proteins (IL-1F1 to IL-1F11)
encoded by 11 distinct genes in humans and mice. IL-1–type cytokines are major mediators …

The transcription factor NF-κB has served as a standard for inducible transcription factors for
more than 20 years. The numerous stimuli that activate NF-κB, and the large number of …

NF-κB in defense and disease serine residues. Phosphorylated IκBα is then ubiquitinated,
which targets it for degradation by the 26S proteasome (13), thereby releasing NF-κB dimers …

The ability to sense and adjust to the environment is crucial to life. For multicellular
organisms, the ability to respond to external changes is essential not only for survival but …

NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) is a collective name for inducible dimeric transcription factors
composed of members of the Rel family of DNA-binding proteins that recognize a common …

The transcription factor NF-κB has been the focus of intense investigation for nearly two
decades. Over this period, considerable progress has been made in determining the …

NF-κB was first described as a B-cell-specific transcription factor that binds the κB site in the
Ig κ light chain enhancer. Soon after, NF-κB activity was found to be inducible in all cell types …