The twenty-first century has witnessed a wave of severe infectious disease outbreaks, not
least the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a devastating impact on lives and livelihoods …

The COVID-19 pandemic has given the study of virus evolution and ecology new relevance.
Although viruses were first identified more than a century ago, we likely know less about …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central
nervous system of unknown etiology. We tested the hypothesis that MS is caused by Epstein …

INTRODUCTION A systematic characterization of the humoral response to severe acute
respiratory system coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epitopes has yet to be performed. This …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is typically very
mild and often asymptomatic in children. A complication is the rare multisystem inflammatory …

Patients with autosomal recessive (AR) IL-12p40 or IL-12Rβ1 deficiency display Mendelian
susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) due to impaired IFN-γ production and, less …

Despite the vast diversity of the antibody repertoire, infected individuals often mount
antibody responses to precisely the same epitopes within antigens. The immunological …

The SARS-CoV-2 proteome shares regions of conservation with endemic human
coronaviruses (CoVs), but it remains unknown to what extent these may be cross …

Measles virus is directly responsible for more than 100,000 deaths yearly. Epidemiological
studies have associated measles with increased morbidity and mortality for years after …

The human immune system is highly variable between individuals but relatively stable over
time within a given person. Recent conceptual and technological advances have enabled …