General anesthesia (GA) can produce analgesia (loss of pain) independent of inducing loss
of consciousness, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that GA …

Background Drug therapy is the most commonly used treatment for primary trigeminal
neuralgia (PTN), in which carbamazepine is the first-line drug. Recently, the anti-epileptic …

Objective This review aims to systematically summarize the methods of establishing various
models of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), the scope of application, and current animals used in …

Objectives In this study, we investigated the possible analgesic effects of Botulinum toxin
type A (BoNT/A) on trigeminal neuralgia (TN). A modified TN mouse model was established …

Objectives: Despite the etiology of trigeminal neuralgia has been verified by microvascular
decompression as vascular compression of the trigeminal root, very few researches …

Persistent pain following orofacial surgery is not uncommon. High mobility group box 1
(HMGB1), an alarmin, is released by peripheral immune cells following nerve injury and …

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a complex orofacial neuropathic pain. The crippling condition's
underlying mechanism is still not completely understood. The main cause of lightning-like …

Aim. Orofacial chronic neuropathic pain commonly occurs following trigeminal nerve
injuries. We investigated whether swimming exercise can reduce trigeminal neuropathic …

Background: To verify the hypothesis that the nature of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is an
ectopic impulse induced by sodium channel modulated by cytokines, we conducted an …

Introduction Pulp calcification (PC) often appears in strong association with nerve fiber
bundles, which indicates the important role of dental nerves in the formation of PC …