Abstract As the European Union transitions towards cleaner energy production, significant
emphasis is placed on the use of photovoltaic (PV) panels on roofs. Although PV panels …

Integrating greening systems, specifically green roofs and green walls, is a crucial aspect of
urban development that addresses energy efficiency and sustainability. Such nature-based …

Evapotranspiration is an important process in green roofs to reduce surface temperature;
however, it is still not well understood. This study aims to assess the influence of irrigation …

The advent and application of biophilic architecture bring numerous environmental,
economic, and energy-efficiency benefits, playing a crucial role in advancing low-carbon …

Blue-green roofs can potentially enhance the outdoor thermal environment in urban areas
and reduce indoor energy consumption. By integrating a water retention layer with green …

Owing to climate change, numerous regions around the world are expected to experience
heightened occurrences of extreme events, including heat waves and intense precipitation …

This study deals with how adding separation layers to flat roofs improves their design,
construction, and sustainability. Better understanding and use of these layers leads to …

As the world grapples with the effects of climate change, there is an urgent need for
sustainable solutions to help reduce carbon emissions. Historic urban centres can indicate …

Green roofs are increasingly valued for mitigating the Urban Heat Island effect, providing
thermal comfort amidst rising temperatures of climate change, enhancing hydrological …