Pulmonary rehabilitation has established a status of evidence-based therapy for patients
with symptomatic COPD in the stable phase and after acute exacerbations. Rehabilitation …

The awareness of the presence and consequences of sarcopenia has significantly
increased over the past decade. Sarcopenia is defined as gradual loss of muscle mass and …

In this guideline update, we highlight important and new findings related to pharmacological
therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that should change clinical …

Background and Purpose Cardiovascular disease affects up to half of the patients with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exerting deleterious impact on health …

COPD and asthma have different risk factors and pathogenesis, but they share a
pathophysiologic hallmark characterized by small airways disease. Although difficult to …

In cardiopulmonary medicine, residual exertional dyspnea (RED) can be defined by the
persistence of limiting breathlessness in a patient who is already under the best available …

The 3-min constant speed shuttle test (CSST) was used to examine the effect of
tiotropium/olodaterol compared with tiotropium at reducing activity-related breathlessness in …

Background Persistent airflow limitation and dyspnoea may reduce chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) patients exercise capacity and physical activity, undermining …

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent and morbid disease
marked by irreversible structural changes in the lungs. Bronchoscopic therapies have …

Rationale Despite strategies acting on peripheral airway obstruction in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), exercise intolerance remains inadequately improved. We …