Acute stress puts cells at risk, and rapid adaptation is crucial for maximizing cell survival.
Cellular adaptation mechanisms include modification of certain aspects of cell physiology …

The ability to adapt to altered availability of free water is a fundamental property of living
cells. The principles underlying osmoadaptation are well conserved. The yeast …

Publisher Summary The chapter introduces the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase
(MAPK) module. The identification of MAP kinase pathways exemplifies the power of …

The yeast cell wall is a highly dynamic structure that is responsible for protecting the cell
from rapid changes in external osmotic potential. The wall is also critical for cell expansion …

SUMMARY A cascade of three protein kinases known as a mitogen-activated protein kinase
(MAPK) cascade is commonly found as part of the signaling pathways in eukaryotic cells …

▪ Abstract The high water permeability characteristic of mammalian red cell membranes is
now known to be caused by the protein AQP1. This channel freely permits movement of …

Microbial production of glycerol has been known for 150 years, and glycerol was produced
commercially during World War I. Glycerol production by microbial synthesis subsequently …

Cells respond to salt stress by osmolyte synthesis and by increase of K+ uptake and Na+
efflux at the plasma membrane and of Na+ accumulation at the vacuole. This cellular level of …

The transcriptional response to environmental changes is a major topic in both basic and
applied research. From a basic point of view, to understand this response includes …

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, reduction of NAD+ to NADH occurs in dissimilatory as well as
in assimilatory reactions. This review discusses mechanisms for reoxidation of NADH in this …