▪ The molecular and biochemical bases for interactions between the immune and central
nervous systems are described. Immune cytokines not only activate immune function but …

This review briefly summarizes a part of the relevant knowledge base of neuroimmunology,
with particular emphasis on bidirectional neural–immune interactions. These complex …

Primary and secondary lymphoid organs are innervated extensively by noradrenergic
sympathetic nerve fibers. Lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells of the immune system …

Converging evidence from the fields of psychology, neurobiology, and immunology has
demonstrated that the immune system is not regulated exclusively in an autonomous …

The prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of depression in the cancer patient are reviewed.
Although frequently encountered in the cancer patient population, depression often remains …

Summary 1 Increasing evidence indicates the occurrence of functional interconnections
between immune and nervous systems, although data available on the mechanisms of this …

The nervous and immune systems have long been considered as compartments that
perform separate and different functions. However, recent clinical, epidemiological, and …

Light microscopic immunohistochemistry was employed to elucidate and compare the
presence, distribution, and coexistence of various peptides, neuroendocrine markers and …

We now have substantial evidence demonstrating noradrenergic sympathetic and
peptidergic innervation of both primary and secondary lymphoid organs. We have …

During the last 20 years, mutual communications between the immune, the endocrine and
the nervous systems have been defined on the basis of physiological, cellular, and …