Striving for new solar fuels, the water oxidation reaction currently is considered to be a
bottleneck, hampering progress in the development of applicable technologies for the …

Photosystem II (PSII) is the water splitting enzyme of photosynthesis. Its appearance during
evolution dramatically changed the chemical composition of our planet and set in motion an …

At the core of many important energy conversion processes in chemistry and biology are
oxidation-reduction reactions in which both electrons and protons are transferred. An …

Life on earth is almost entirely solar-powered. We can get some idea of the enormous
quantity of energy received from the sun by noting that during daylight hours, the sun …

Demand for energy is projected to increase at least twofold by mid-century relative to the
present global consumption because of predicted population and economic growth. This …

Electrochemical reactions often require an important overpotential1 to proceed at an
appreciable rate. This is particularly true when the reaction does not merely consist of an …

The sunlight-powered oxidation of water by photosystem II (PSII) of algae, plants, and
cyanobacteria underpins the energy conversion processes that sustain most life on our …

The goal of artificial photosynthesis is to use the energy of the sun to make high-energy
chemicals for energy production. One approach, described here, is to use light absorption …

George Weber was among the first to recognize that extensive metabolic changes must
underlie the unbridled proliferation of cancer cells. 1 His molecular correlation hypothesis …

All higher life forms use oxygen and respiration as their primary energy source. The oxygen
comes from water by solar‐energy conversion in photosynthetic membranes. In green …