The impact of anthropogenic ocean acidification (OA) on marine ecosystems is a vital
concern facing marine scientists and managers of ocean resources. Euthecosomatous …

The mechanisms by which organisms acquire their sizes and shapes through growth was a
major focus of D'Arcy Thompson's book On Growth and Form. By applying mathematical and …

Snails are model organisms for studying the genetic, molecular, and developmental bases
of left–right asymmetry in Bilateria. However, the development of their typical helicospiral …

Research on molluscan specimens is increasingly being carried out using high-throughput
molecular techniques. Due to their efficiency, these technologies have effectively resulted in …

Gastropod shell sculpture offers a novel tool for studying morphological patterning. Existing
shell features may be manipulated experimentally to test how alteration affects subsequent …

Quantitative analysis of organismal form is an important component for almost every branch
of biology. Although generally considered an easily-measurable structure, the quantification …

A recurrent theme in evolution is the repeated, independent origin of broadly adaptive,
architecturally and functionally similar traits and structures. One such is the varix, a shell …

Sexual dimorphism is a common feature among many gonochoristic animal taxa. Particular
characters, such as size, colour and shape, may vary between males and females, and …

The logarithmic helicospiral has been the most widely accepted model of regularly coiled
molluscan form since it was proposed by Moseley and popularized by Thompson and Raup …

Despite the morphological diversity of organisms, they only occupy a fraction of the
theoretically possible spectrum (ie, morphospace) and have been studied on several taxa …