Natural enzymes are crucial in biological systems and widely used in biology and medicine,
but their disadvantages, such as insufficient stability and high-cost, have limited their wide …

Detection of extracellular vesicles (EVs) exosomes is a challenge to address the need for
better diagnostic tests and to create a point-of-care (POC) platform that can detect, monitor …

Exosomes are cell-derived structures packaged with lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. They
exist in diverse bodily fluids and are involved in physiological and pathological processes …

Exosomes are a class of the nanosized extracellular vesicles, which have emerged as
representative liquid biopsy biomarkers. To date, the electrochemical nanosensors are of …

The tumor microenvironment consists of a multiplicity of cells such as cancer cells,
fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells within the specific parenchyma. It has been …

Extracellular vesicles (eg, exosomes) carrying various biomolecules (eg, proteins, lipids,
and nucleic acids) have rapidly emerged as promising platforms for many biomedical …

Nanozymes are a kind of nanomaterial mimicking enzyme catalytic activity, which has
aroused extensive interest in the fields of biosensors, biomedicine, and climate and …

Nanoclusters are nanostructures consisting of few to tens of atoms which have attracted
great interest from the scientific community due to their applications in a myriad of fields …

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. An effective diagnostic
system that enables early cancer detection is required for timely diagnosis and better …

The second cause of death in the world has been reported to be cancer, and it has been on
the rise in recent years. As a result of the difficulties of cancer detection and its treatment, the …