The haplodiploid sex determining mechanism in Hymenoptera (males are haploid, females
are diploid) has played an important role in the evolution of this insect order. In …

As most parasitoids are time limited, they usually die before they have laid all their eggs. In
such cases, optimal foraging theory predicts that female parasitoids will adopt behavioral …

How do children and adults differ in their search for rewards? We considered three different
hypotheses that attribute developmental differences to (a) children's increased random …

Does foraging change across the life span, and in particular, with aging? We report data
from two foraging tasks used to investigate age differences in search in external …

Reaction norms depict the environmental effects on phenotypic traits and are used to predict
the global change consequences on species distributions. However, studies performed at …

Foraging behaviours encompass strategies to locate resources and to exploit them. In many
taxa, these behaviours are driven by a major gene called for, but the mechanisms of gene …

In the hymenopteran parasitoid Venturia canescens, asexual (obligate thelytoky not induced
by Wolbachia bacteria) and sexual (arrhenotokous) wasps coexist in field conditions despite …

1. Flight is an energy‐demanding behaviour in insects. In parasitic wasps, strategies of
nutrient acquisition and allocation, resulting life‐history trade‐offs and relationships with …

Environmental pressures are expected to favour organisms that optimally allocate metabolic
resources to reproduction and survival. We studied the resource allocation strategies and …

Summary 1 Animals usually require information about the current state of their habitat to
optimize their behaviour. For this, they can use a learning process through which their …