Introduction: An extraordinarily diverse range of animals have evolved venoms for predation,
defence, or competitor deterrence. The major components of most venoms are peptides and …

Venoms comprise mixtures of peptides and proteins tailored by Natural Selection to act on
vital systems of the prey or victim. Here we review our proteomic protocols for uncoiling the …

Parasitoid wasps are valuable biological control agents that suppress their host populations.
Factors introduced by the female wasp at parasitization play significant roles in facilitating …

Over 10,000 arthropod species are currently considered to be pest organisms. They are
estimated to contribute to the destruction of~ 14% of the world's annual crop production and …

Molecular toxinology research was initially driven by an interest in the small subset of animal
toxins that are lethal to humans. However, the realization that many venomous creatures …

Ants (Formicidae) represent a taxonomically diverse group of hymenopterans with over
13,000 extant species, the majority of which inject or spray secretions from a venom gland …

The remarkable potency and pharmacological diversity of animal venoms has made them
an increasingly valuable source of lead molecules for drug and insecticide discovery …

This article covers the application of proteomic tools ('venomics','antivenomics' and 'venom
phenotyping') to study the composition and natural history of snake venoms, and the cross …

Spider venom, a factor that has played a decisive role in the evolution of one of the most
successful groups of living organisms, is reviewed. Unique molecular diversity of venom …

This review gives an overview on the development of research on spider venoms with a
focus on structure and function of venom components and techniques of analysis. Major …