Consolidation of implicit memory in the invertebrate Aplysia and explicit memory in the
mammalian hippocampus are associated with remodeling and growth of preexisting …

The morphology and molecular composition of synapses provide the structural basis for
synaptic function. This article reviews the electron microscopy of excitatory synapses on …

Information in a computer is quantified by the number of bits that can be stored and
recovered. An important question about the brain is how much information can be stored at a …

Dendritic spines are the primary site of excitatory input on most principal neurons. Long-
lasting changes in synaptic activity are accompanied by alterations in spine shape, size and …

Neurons are highly polarized cells with an elongated axon that extends far away from the
cell body. To maintain their homeostasis, neurons rely extensively on axonal transport of …

The neuronal axon is packed with cytoskeletal filaments, membranes, and organelles, many
of which move between the cell body and axon tip. Here, we used cryo-electron tomography …

The dynamics of exocytosis are diverse and have been optimized for the functions of
synapses and a wide variety of cell types. For example, the kinetics of exocytosis varies by …

Recent technological developments have renewed the interest in large-scale neural circuit
reconstruction. To resolve the structure of entire circuits, thousands of neurons must be …

The middle ear muscle (MEM) reflex is one of two major descending systems to the auditory
periphery. There are two middle ear muscles (MEMs): the stapedius and the tensor tympani …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with alterations in the distribution, number, and size
of inputs to hippocampal neurons. Some of these changes are thought to be …