Common symptoms of overt hypothyroidism are non-specific and include fatigue, lethargy,
and dry skin. Although the diagnosis is considered to be straightforward, no single symptom …

Background: Some levothyroxine (LT4)-treated hypothyroid patients report a constellation of
persistent and distressing cognitive symptoms that has been termed brain fog. This narrative …

Context Clinical guidelines have recommended a trial of liothyronine (LT3) with
levothyroxine (LT4) in select patients with hypothyroidism. However, little is known about the …

Clinical hypothyroidism is defined by the inadequate production of thyroid hormone from the
thyroid gland to maintain normal organ system functions. For nearly all patients with clinical …

Background and purpose “Brain fog” is a frequent and disabling symptom that can occur
after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. However, its clinical characteristics and the relationships …

Hypothyroidism is a common condition, and numerous studies have been published over
the last decade to assess the potential risks associated with this disorder when …

Background The causal relationship between different hypothyroidism subtypes and the risk
of major depression (MD) is yet to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine if …

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly used in clinical practice to improve
clinical care. Multiple studies show that systematic use of PROs can enhance …

Introduction Levothyroxine (LT4) at doses that maintain the serum thyroid-stimulating
hormone levels within the normal range constitutes the standard of care for the treatment of …

Brain fog is an undefined term describing a cluster of symptoms related to fatigue and
impaired memory, attention, and concentration. Brain fog or brain fog–like symptoms have …