Background Benzodiazepine misuse is a growing public health problem, with increases in
benzodiazepine-related overdose deaths and emergency room visits in recent years …

It is estimated that nearly a third of people who abuse drugs started with prescription opioid
medicines. Approximately, 11.5 million Americans used prescription drugs recreationally in …

We summarise the evidence for medicinal uses of opioids, harms related to the extramedical
use of, and dependence on, these drugs, and a wide range of interventions used to address …

Nonmedical prescription opioid misuse remains a growing public problem in need of action
and is concentrated in areas of US states with large rural populations such as Kentucky …

Background Heroin use and overdose deaths have increased in recent years. Emerging
information suggests this is the result of increases in nonmedical use of opioid pain relievers …

This qualitative study documents the pathways to injecting heroin by users in Philadelphia
and San Francisco before and during a pharmaceutical opioid pill epidemic. Data was …

Background Increases in illicit pharmaceutical opioid (PO) use have been associated with
risk for transition to heroin use. We identify predictors of transition to heroin use among …

The burden of substance use and especially the unmatched rates of overdoses in rural
Central Appalachia highlight the need for innovative approaches to curb the initiation to drug …

Importance Prescription opioid dependence is increasing and creates a significant public
health burden, but primary care physicians lack evidence-based guidelines to decide …

Background/aims To examine trends in rural Appalachian opioid and related drug
epidemics during the past 10 years, including at-risk populations, substance use shifts and …