Studies on domestication are blooming, but the developmental bases for the generation of
domestication traits and breed diversity remain largely unexplored. Some phenotypic …

Secondary aquatic adaptations evolved independently more than 30 times from terrestrial
vertebrate ancestors,. For decades, non-avian dinosaurs were believed to be an exception …

We describe adaptations for a semiaquatic lifestyle in the dinosaur Spinosaurus
aegyptiacus. These adaptations include retraction of the fleshy nostrils to a position near the …

Non-pathological densification (osteosclerosis) and swelling (pachyostosis) of bones are the
main modifications affecting the skeleton of land vertebrates (tetrapods) that returned to …

Abstract “Rauisuchia” is a non‐monophyletic group of quadrupedal and carnivorous
pseudosuchians that inhabited the entire world during the Middle–Upper Triassic period …

Here, we investigate whether bone microanatomy can be used to infer the locomotion mode
(cursorial vs. graviportal) of large terrestrial birds. We also reexamine, or describe for the first …

Graviportal taxa show an allometric increase of the cross-sectional area of supportive bones
and are assumed to display microanatomical changes associated with an increase in bone …

Paleophysiology is an emergent discipline. Organismic (integrative) approaches seem more
appropriate than studies focusing on the variation of specific features because traits are …

Background Ichthyosaurs are Mesozoic reptiles considered as active swimmers highly
adapted to a fully open-marine life. They display a wide range of morphologies illustrating …

Background Mammals are a highly diverse group, with body mass ranging from 2 g to 170 t,
and encompassing species with terrestrial, aquatic, aerial, and subterranean lifestyles. The …