Abstract 4D printing is the next step on from 3D printing involving the fourth dimension of
'time'. The programmed 4D-printed objects are capable of changing their shape in response …

Abstract Four-dimensional printing (4DP) is emerging as an innovative research topic. It
involves the use of smart materials for three-dimensional printing (3DP) of items that change …

The advancement of four-dimensional (4D) printing has been fueled by the rise in demand
for additive manufacturing and the expansion in shape-memory materials. The printing of …

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are emerging smart materials that have the ability to
change to a shape and revert to their permanent shape on application of external stimulus …

Targeting the release of drugs in specific sites of the upper GI tract would meet local
therapeutic goals, improve the bioavailability of specific drugs and help overcoming …

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are stimuli responsive materials with programmable
recovery from a deformed state. SMP behavior is often impacted by manufacturing features …

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology enables an important improvement in the
design of new drug delivery systems, such as gastroretentive floating tablets. These systems …

This paper focuses on recent advancements in the development of 4D printed drug delivery
systems (DDSs) for the intravesical administration of drugs. By coupling the effectiveness of …

Objectives Efficacy and compliance of type II diabetes treatment would greatly benefit from
dosage forms providing controlled release of metformin in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In …

Retentive drug delivery systems (DDSs) are intended for prolonged residence and release
inside hollow muscular organs, to achieve either local or systemic therapeutic goals …