Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors belonging to the
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) superfamily. These proteins are essential to many …

The members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily are essential
regulators of cell differentiation, phenotype and function, and have been implicated in the …

Pathogenic variants in genes that cause dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and arrhythmogenic
cardiomyopathy (ACM) convey high risks for the development of heart failure through …

Critical limb ischemia, the final course of peripheral artery disease, is characterized by an
insufficient supply of blood flow and excessive oxidative stress. H2S molecular therapy …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disorder typified by occlusion
of the pulmonary arterioles owing to endothelial dysfunction and uncontrolled proliferation of …

Genetic studies in animals and humans indicate that gene mutations that functionally perturb
transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling are linked to specific hereditary vascular …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted cytokines that were initially discovered
on the basis of their ability to induce bone. Several decades of research have now …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent liver cancer, characterized by a high
rate of recurrence and heterogeneity. Liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) may well contribute to …

Endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been unveiled as a common cause for
a multitude of human pathologies, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Vascular …

BMP2 and TGFβ1 are functional antagonists of pathological remodeling in the arteries,
heart, and lung; however, the mechanisms in VSMCs, and their disturbance in pulmonary …