Human topoisomerases comprise a family of six enzymes: two type IB (TOP1 and
mitochondrial TOP1 (TOP1MT), two type IIA (TOP2A and TOP2B) and two type IA (TOP3A …

Spatiotemporal gene expression programmes are orchestrated by transcriptional
enhancers, which are key regulatory DNA elements that engage in physical contacts with …

Zoonomia is the largest comparative genomics resource for mammals produced to date. By
aligning genomes for 240 species, we identify bases that, when mutated, are likely to affect …

Enhancers determine spatiotemporal gene expression programs by engaging with long-
range promoters,,–. However, it remains unknown how enhancers find their cognate …

How enhancers activate their distal target promoters remains incompletely understood. Here
we dissect how CTCF-mediated loops facilitate and restrict such regulatory interactions …

Determining how chromosomes are positioned and folded within the nucleus is critical to
understanding the role of chromatin topology in gene regulation. Several methods are …

Studies of 3D chromatin organization have suggested that chromosomes are hierarchically
organized into large compartments composed of smaller domains called topologically …

Single-cell sequencing-based methods for profiling gene transcript levels have revealed
substantial heterogeneity in expression levels among morphologically indistinguishable …

In eukaryotes, the genome does not exist as a linear molecule but instead is hierarchically
packaged inside the nucleus. This complex genome organization includes multiscale …

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic
applications on account of carbon's intrinsic merits of high stability, low cost, and …