Inhaled corticosteroids are widely used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
and, in combination with long-acting β 2 agonists, reduce exacerbations and improve lung …

Asthma and pneumonia are common respiratory conditions globally, affecting individuals of
all ages. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the predominant bacterial cause of pneumonia, with …

Background Recent studies have suggested a possible association between respiratory
infection and the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). We aimed to ascertain the risk of upper …

Aim Studies have linked the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) to excess pneumonia risk
in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. The risk in asthma patients remains …

Background Chronic cough is a common clinical problem worldwide. Although many
patients have underlying precipitating conditions such as asthma, gastroesophageal reflux …

Purpose Asthma is a common disease that is expensive and burdensome for patients.
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the most important drugs for asthma treatment and are …

Background Regular use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in patients with obstructive lung
diseases has been associated with a higher risk of pneumonia, particularly in COPD. The …

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of IPD or pneumonia among children with asthma after the
introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). DATA SOURCES: Four electronic …

Background Exacerbation in asthma is associated with decreased expression of specific
host defence peptides (HDPs) in the lungs. We examined the effects of a synthetic derivative …

Background Pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. COPD patients
using inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have an increased risk of pneumonia, but less is known …