Developing a new drug from original idea to the launch of a finished product is a complex
process which can take 12–15 years and cost in excess of $1 billion. The idea for a target …

Congenital defects of neural tube closure (neural tube defects; NTDs) are among the
commonest and most severe disorders of the fetus and newborn. Disturbance of any of the …

Stress-activated MAP kinases (MAPKs), comprised of JNK and p38, play prominent roles in
the innate and adaptive immune systems. Activation of MAPKs is mediated by a three-tiered …

Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs) block apoptosis, but their physiological
functions are still under investigation. Here, we report that cIAP1 and cIAP2 are E3 ubiquitin …

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential developmental program that
becomes reactivated in adult tissues to promote the progression of cancer. EMT has been …

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are members of a dynamic protein kinase
network through which diverse stimuli regulate the spatio-temporal activities of complex …

BACKGROUND: The number of mouse mutants and strains with neural tube closure defects
(NTDs) now exceeds 190, including 155 involving known genes, 33 with unidentified genes …

Sex determination in mammals is controlled by the presence or absence of the Y-linked
gene SRY. In the developing male (XY) gonad, sex-determining region of the Y (SRY) …

Epithelial stem cells self-renew while maintaining multipotency, but the dependence of stem
cell properties on maintenance of the epithelial phenotype is unclear. We previously showed …

The cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinases transduce extracellular signals into regulatory
events that impact cellular responses. The induction of one kinase triggers the activation of …