The incidence of many types of cancer arising in organs with non-reproductive functions is
significantly higher in male populations than in female populations, with associated …

Estrogen has been postulated as a contributor for lung cancer development and
progression. We reviewed the current knowledge about the expression and prognostic …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) encompasses a syndrome of diseases that are characterized
by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling and that …

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) belong to a superfamily of
nuclear receptors called steroid hormone receptors, which, upon binding ligand, dimerize …

Pulmonary surfactant is essential for life and is composed of a complex lipoprotein-like
mixture that lines the inner surface of the lung to prevent alveolar collapse at the end of …

Accumulating evidence suggests that gender affects the incidence, susceptibility and
severity of several lung diseases. Gender also influences lung development and physiology …

The vertebrate lung consists of multiple cell types that are derived primarily from endodermal
and mesodermal compartments of the early embryo. The process of pulmonary …

There is increasing recognition that sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, and
testosterone) have biological and pathophysiological actions in peripheral, non-reproductive …

Identifying new effective therapeutic treatments for lung cancer is critical to improving overall
patient survival. We have targeted both the estrogen receptor (ER) and the epidermal growth …

Two highly prevalent pulmonary diseases, lung cancer and chronic obstructive lung disease
(COPD), show both sex and gender differences in their presentations and outcomes. Sex …