The first report demonstrating that prolonged endurance exercise promotes oxidative stress
in humans was published more than 4 decades ago. Since this discovery, many ensuing …

Skeletal muscle extracts glucose from the blood to maintain demand for carbohydrates as an
energy source during exercise. Such uptake involves complex molecular signalling …

Background: Limb muscle dysfunction is prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and it has important clinical implications, such as reduced exercise tolerance …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules that are naturally
produced within biological systems. Research has focused extensively on revealing the …

Antioxidant supplements are commonly consumed by endurance athletes to minimize
exercise-induced oxidative stress, with the intention of enhancing recovery and improving …

The existence of free radicals in living cells was first reported in 1954 and this important
finding helped launch the field of free radical biology. However, the discovery that muscular …

The first suggestion that physical exercise results in free radical-mediated damage to tissues
appeared in 1978, and the past three decades have resulted in a large growth of knowledge …

At high concentrations, free radicals and radical-derived, nonradical reactive species are
hazardous for living organisms and damage all major cellular constituents. At moderate …

Repeated, intense use of muscles leads to a decline in performance known as muscle
fatigue. Many muscle properties change during fatigue including the action potential …

It is well established that contracting muscles produce both reactive oxygen and nitrogen
species. Although the sources of oxidant production during exercise continue to be debated …