Bladder cancer is a highly prevalent disease and is associated with substantial morbidity,
mortality and cost. Environmental or occupational exposures to carcinogens, especially …

Bladder cancer is the 10 th most commonly occurring malignancy worldwide with a 75% of 5-
year survival rate, while it ranks 13 th among the deaths occurring due to cancer. The …

Aristolochic acid, a potent human carcinogen produced by Aristolochia plants, is associated
with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUC). Following metabolic activation …

Recent studies have shown that small noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs and siRNAs,
regulate gene expression at multiple levels including chromatin architecture, transcription …

Background Survivors of hereditary retinoblastoma have an elevated risk of developing
second malignancies, but data on the risk in middle-aged retinoblastoma survivors (ie, those …

Purpose: We review the biological mechanisms of action, clinical safety and efficacy of
immunotherapies for urothelial carcinoma. We also describe current areas of research in …

Despite elaborate characterization of the risk factors, bladder cancer is still a major
epidemiological problem whose incidence continues to rise each year. Urothelial carcinoma …

Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease that exhibits high levels of robustness
against various therapeutic interventions. It is a constellation of diverse and evolving …

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) represents a significant global therapeutic
challenge, particularly in the era of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) shortage. High-risk …

Downregulation of miR-145 in a variety of cancers suggests a possible tumor suppressor
function for this microRNA. Here, we show that miR-145 expression is reduced in bladder …