In nature, plants constantly have to face pathogen attacks. However, plant disease rarely
occurs due to efficient immune systems possessed by the host plants. Pathogens are …

Next to numerous abiotic stresses, plants are constantly exposed to a variety of pathogens
within their environment. Thus, their ability to survive and prosper during the course of …

The ability of a seed to germinate and establish a plant at the right time of year is of vital
importance from an ecological and economical point of view. Due to the fragility of these …

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are conserved protein kinases in eukaryotes that
establish signaling modules where MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) activate MAPK …

Heat shock factors (HSFs) are principal regulators of plant responses to several abiotic
stresses. Here, we show that estradiol-dependent induction of HSFA4A confers enhanced …

The expression of CBF (C-repeat-binding factor) genes is required for freezing tolerance in
Arabidopsis thaliana. CBFs are positively regulated by INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION1 …

Abstract Background The transcription factor At MYBR1 (MYB44) is a member of the MYB
family of transcription factors and is expressed throughout the plant life cycle and especially …

The role of A t MYB 44, an R 2 R 3 MYB transcription factor, in signaling mediated by
jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) is examined. A t MYB 44 is induced by JA through …

Phytohormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major determinants of the
regulation of development and stress responses in plants. During life cycle of these …

The plant signaling pathway that regulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-
triggered immunity (PTI) involves mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades that …