Previous meta-analyses of structural MRI studies have shown diffuse cortical and sub-
cortical abnormalities in unipolar depression. However, the presence of duplicate …

An extensive literature stretching back decades has shown that prolonged stress or
prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids—the adrenal steroids secreted during stress—can …

Context Although differences in clinical characteristics exist between major depressive
disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), consistent structural brain abnormalities that …

Objective. So far, there have been no attempts to integrate the growing number of all brain
volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies in depression. In this comprehensive meta …

Background: Youths with bipolar disorder are ideal for studying illness pathophysiology
given their early presentation, lack of extended treatment, and high genetic loading. Adult …

Both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are the subject of a voluminous
imaging and genetics literature. Here, we attempt a comprehensive review of MRI and …

Studies of early-onset recurrent depression, late life depression associated with neurologic
disorders, and bipolar illness have revealed structural brain changes within a …

Context Despite 25 years of structural imaging in bipolar disorder, brain regions affected in
the disorder are ill defined. Objectives To use meta-analytical techniques to investigate …

BackgroundSeveral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have identified structural
abnormalities in association with bipolar disorder. The literature is, however, heterogeneous …

Background: Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a mental illness in which depression and mania
typically alternate, and both phases can present with psychotic features. The …