Background Chronic and/or extreme stress in early life, often referred to as early adversity,
childhood trauma, or early life stress, has been associated with a wide range of adverse …

In the past two decades, much evidence has accumulated unequivocally demonstrating that
child abuse and neglect is associated with a marked increase in risk for major psychiatric …

Discovering the processes through which early adverse experiences affect children's
nervous-system development, health, and behavior is critically important for developing …

The early-life social environment can induce stable changes that influence
neurodevelopment and mental health. Research focused on early-life adversity revealed …

How do adverse childhood experiences get 'under the skin'and influence health outcomes
through the life-course? Research reviewed here suggests that adverse childhood …

Early life stress, such as childhood abuse, neglect and loss, is a well established major risk
factor for developing depressive disorders later in life. We here summarize and discuss …

Background Electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN) via
transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) may influence afferent vagal …

Chronic exposure to stress hormones, whether it occurs during the prenatal period, infancy,
childhood, adolescence, adulthood or aging, has an impact on brain structures involved in …

The extracellular regulated kinase/microtubule-associated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK)
signalling pathway transduces signals that cause an alteration in the ongoing metabolic …

Childhood trauma is a key risk factor for psychopathology. However, little is known about
how exposure to childhood trauma is translated into biological risk for psychopathology …