Metabolic homeostasis operates differently in men and women. This sex asymmetry is the
result of evolutionary adaptations that enable women to resist loss of energy stores and …

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis function fundamentally affects the physiology of
eating. We review sex differences in the physiological and pathophysiological controls of …

Optimized body composition provides a competitive advantage in a variety of sports. Weight
reduction is common among athletes aiming to improve their strength-to-mass ratio …

Excessive fat accumulation in the body causes overweight and obesity. To date, research
has confirmed that there are two types of adipose tissue with opposing functions: lipid …

The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportion with enormous costs in both
human lives and healthcare dollars spent. Obesity-related metabolic disorders are much …

Oxidative stress is observed during aging and in numerous age-related diseases. Dietary
restriction (DR) is a regimen that protects against disease and extends life span in multiple …

Adipose tissue is a complex and multi-faceted organ. It responds dynamically to internal and
external stimuli, depending on the developmental stage and activity of the organism. The …

Biological sex is a fundamental source of phenotypic variability across species. Males and
females have different nutritional needs and exhibit differences in nutrient digestion and …

The prevalence of obesity among children, adolescents and adults has been dramatically
increasing worldwide during the last several decades. The obesity epidemic has been …

The G2019S leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutation is the most common genetic
cause of Parkinson's disease (PD), clinically and pathologically indistinguishable from …