Regulated cell death is a vital and dynamic process in multicellular organisms that maintains
tissue homeostasis and eliminates potentially dangerous cells. Apoptosis, one of the better …

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated
guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical …

Roles for cell death in development, homeostasis, and the control of infections and cancer
have long been recognized. Although excessive cell damage results in passive necrosis …

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF; TNFα) is a critical regulator of immune responses in
healthy organisms and in disease. TNF is involved in the development and proper …

Necroptosis is a regulated form of necrosis, with the dying cell rupturing and releasing
intracellular components that can trigger an innate immune response. Toll-like receptor 3 …

Apoptosis is a regulated cellular pathway that ensures that a cell dies in a structured fashion
to prevent negative consequences for the tissue or the organism. Dysfunctional apoptosis is …

The death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) initiates death receptor-induced apoptosis.
DISC assembly and activation are controlled by c-FLIP isoforms, which function as pro …

Caspase-8 activation can be triggered by death receptor-mediated formation of the death-
inducing signaling complex (DISC) and by the inflammasome adaptor ASC. Caspase-8 …

cFLIP (cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein) is structurally related to caspase-8 but lacks
proteolytic activity due to multiple amino acid substitutions of catalytically important residues …

Besides protein processing, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has several other functions
such as lipid synthesis, the transfer of molecules to other cellular compartments, and the …