Abstract Aim The “2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic
Disease” provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the diagnosis, genetic evaluation …

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), with its unique anatomical complexity, is of
great clinical importance and involved in many diseases including aneurysm, ischemic …

(1) Background. The anatomical variations of the vertebral arteries (VAs) have a significant
impact both in neurosurgery and forensic pathology. The purpose of this study was to …

Abstract Aim The “2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic
Disease” provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the diagnosis, genetic evaluation …

Vertebral artery stenosis (VAS) is the cause of approximately 20% of ischemic strokes in the
posterior circulation. There are several causes of vertebral artery stenosis, including …

Objectives: Describe the pathophysiology of Wallenberg syndrome. Review the differential
diagnosis of Wallenberg syndrome. Summarize how to evaluate for Wallenberg syndrome …

Background The vertebral arteries (VA) play a critical role by supplying nearly one-third of
the brain's blood flow, predominantly contributing to the posterior circulation. These arteries …

Background Many anatomical variations of the branching pattern of the aortic arch have
been documented in the literature. These find their origin in alterations to the embryological …

Objective To summarize the vertebral artery (VA) pattern of 96 “sandwich” atlantoaxial
dislocation (AAD) patients and to describe the strategies of reducing the injury of VA during …

The vertebral arteries represent in the adult the main blood supply of the posterior cranial
fossa, even if they appear relatively late during the embryological life. We reviewed all the …