Macrophages play an important role in cancer development and metastasis.
Proinflammatory M1 macrophages can phagocytose tumor cells, while anti‐inflammatory M2 …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have achieved remarkable clinical responses
in patients with many different types of cancer; however, most patients who receive ICB …

Reprogramming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by modulating
macrophages holds great promise in tumor immunotherapy. As a class of professional …

Emulsions are liquid–liquid dispersions with one liquid phase dispersed in the other liquid
phase as small droplets. Nanoemulsions are nano-sized emulsions with sizes ranging from …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy. PDAC is only
cured by surgical resection in its early stage, but there remains a relatively high possibility of …

Tumor immunotherapy exerts its anti-tumor effects by stimulating and enhancing immune
responses of the body. It has become another important modality of anti-tumor therapy with …

Imidazoquinoline derivatives (IMDs) and related compounds function as synthetic agonists
of Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) and one is FDA approved for topical antiviral and skin …

Melanoma, the most aggressive form of cutaneous malignancy arising from melanocytes, is
frequently characterized by metastasis. Despite considerable progress in melanoma …

Simple Summary Immunotherapy helps a person's immune system to target tumor cells.
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibition …

Macrophage is the key innate immune effector in first-line defense against the pathogens,
and can be polarized into different phenotypes to regulate a variety of immunological …