Osteoporosis is a global public health problem, with fractures contributing to significant
morbidity and mortality. Although postmenopausal osteoporosis is most common, up to 30 …

Turner syndrome (TS) is a condition in females missing the second sex chromosome (45, X)
or parts thereof. It is considered a rare genetic condition and is associated with a wide range …

Turner syndrome is a rare condition in women that is associated with either complete or
partial loss of one X chromosome, often in mosaic karyotypes. Turner syndrome is …

Turner syndrome (TS), a genetic disorder due to incomplete dosage compensation of X-
linked genes, affects multiple organ systems, leading to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism …

Animal models are live subjects applied to translational research. They provide insights into
human diseases and enhance biomedical knowledge. Livestock production has favored the …

Context Turner syndrome (TS) is often associated with delayed puberty. To induce puberty,
estrogen is administered in incremental doses at an age determined by age of presentation …

Osteoporosis is a serious implication of Turner syndrome (TS). Common methods for the
treatment of TS are growth hormone (GHT) and estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). We …

Abstract Purpose Many questions concerning Turner syndrome (TS) remain unresolved,
such as the long-term complications and, therefore, the optimal care setting for adults. The …

Girls with either hypo-or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism need treatment with estrogens to
initiate puberty and maintain a normal hormonal milieu. The focus of this review is hormone …

Background: Osteoporosis is a chronic disease that results in microarchitectural changes to
the bone, thereby reducing its density and increasing the risk of fractures. This retrospective …